African river and basin cichlids, also known as old world cichlids, represent a rich variety of freshwater fish residing in Africa's rivers, streams, and basins. They are a significant part of Africa's freshwater fish population, boasting a wide range of species and large numbers. In southern Africa, the biodiversity is mainly composed of three cichlid groups: hemichromines, haplochromines, and tilapiines. The Buffalo Head Cichlid, or Steatocranus casuarius, from the Congo River basin, is particularly notable. It is distinguished by a prominent hump on its forehead and a dark, speckled coloration, making it a captivating addition to cichlid aquariums. These cichlids are celebrated for their vivid colors, engaging behaviors, and their ability to thrive in various aquatic settings. In contrast to their rift lake counterparts, they predominantly inhabit soft water environments with lower alkalinity.